--- title: 2 Samuel 17:8 (JPS 1917) — Hushai said moreover: 'Thou knowest thy father and his men, that the… · tree and pragmatics description: Hushai said moreover: 'Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are embittered in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people. Who acts: Hushai, Thou, father. 2 Samuel 17:8 in JPS 1917 wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.488/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/) / [17:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.8/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 17:8 · JPS 1917 Hushai said moreover: 'Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are embittered in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people. **Who acts:** Hushai, Thou, father · **What happens:** say, know, be, embitter, rob, not lodge · **To what, where:** father, mighty men, minds, bear, field, man · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 17:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hushai, Thou, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:488 # text = Hushai said moreover: 'Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are embittered in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people. 1 Hushai Hushai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 moreover moreover ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 5 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 6 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 7 nsubj _ _ 7 knowest know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 8 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 that that SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 16 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 mighty mighty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 ccomp _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 22 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 23 embittered embitter VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 conj _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 minds mind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 as as ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 bear bear NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 31 robbed rob VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 30 acl _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 whelps whelp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT : _ 44 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 40 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 41 nmod:poss _ _ 41 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nsubj _ _ 42 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nmod _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 49 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 51 aux _ _ 50 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 51 advmod _ _ 51 lodge lodge VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 44 conj _ _ 52 with with ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 53 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 54 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 51 obl _ _ 55 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hushai | | | | | moreover *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **know** | present | Thou | thy father and Hushai's men | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer father=Stimulus | | 3 | **is a** | present | father | mighty men | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **embitter** | present · passive | | father | | father's minds | | as a bear | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | | 5 | **rob** | participle | | a bear *not said here* | | the field | | of Ahithophel's whelps | vn rob-10.6.4 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent of whelp=Source | | 6 | **is a** | present | thy father | a man | | | | of war | tree rules | | 7 | **not** **lodge** | future | thy father *not said here* | | | | | with the people | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with people=Location | | 8 | **mind** | | father | | | | | | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חוּשַׁ֗י אַתָּ֣ה יָ֠דַעְתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ וְאֶת־אֲנָשָׁ֜יו כִּ֧י גִבֹּרִ֣ים הֵ֗מָּה וּמָרֵ֥י נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ הֵ֔מָּה כְּדֹ֥ב שַׁכּ֖וּל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְאָבִ֙יךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יָלִ֖ין אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ [2 Samuel 17:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:488` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.487/) - next →: [2 Samuel 17:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.489/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.8/)