--- title: 2 Samuel 17:10 (JPS 1917) — then even he that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion,… · tree and pragmatics description: then even he that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, will utterly melt; for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they that are with him are valiant men. Who acts: heart, Hushai, Israel, father. 2 Samuel 17:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.490/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/) / [17:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.10/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 17:10 · JPS 1917 then even he that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, will utterly melt; for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they that are with him are valiant men. **Who acts:** heart, Hushai, Israel, father · **What happens:** be, melt, know · **To what, where:** mighty man, valiant men · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 17:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart, Hushai, Israel, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:490 # text = then even he that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, will utterly melt; for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they that are with him are valiant men. 1 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 20 advmod _ _ 2 even even ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 6 valiant valiant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 acl:relcl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 8 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 11 as as ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 lion lion NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 18 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 utterly utterly ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 melt melt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 22 for for SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 23 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 24 det _ _ 24 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 knoweth know VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 advcl _ _ 26 that that SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 27 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 cop _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 mighty mighty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 ccomp _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 35 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 36 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 39 nsubj _ _ 37 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 38 with with ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 acl:relcl _ _ 40 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _ 41 valiant valiant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 conj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: evaluate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | | | | | | valiant *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | the heart's heart | | | | | as the heart; of a lion | tree rules | | 3 | **melt** | future | Hushai | | | | then | utterly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **know** | present | all Israel | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **is a** | present | thy father | a mighty man and valiant men | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | present | | | | | | with Hushai | tree rules | | 7 | **is a** | present | father | valiant men | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְה֣וּא גַם־בֶּן־חַ֗יִל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִבּ֛וֹ כְּלֵ֥ב הָאַרְיֵ֖ה הִמֵּ֣ס יִמָּ֑ס כִּֽי־יֹדֵ֤עַ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּי־גִבּ֣וֹר אָבִ֔יךָ וּבְנֵי־חַ֖יִל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ [2 Samuel 17:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.10/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:490` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.489/) - next →: [2 Samuel 17:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.491/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.10/)