---
title: 2 Samuel 17:16 (JPS 1917) — Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Lodge not this n… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but in any wise pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him.' Who acts: you, people. 2 Samuel 17:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# 2 Samuel 17:16 · JPS 1917

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Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but in any wise pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, people · **What happens:** send, tell, say, not lodge, pass over, swallow up · **To what, where:** David, plains, wise, king · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 17:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:496
# text = Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but in any wise pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him.'
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	send	send	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Lodge	lodge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
26	wise	wise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
27	pass	pass	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
28	over	over	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
30	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	advcl	_	_
35	up	up	ADP	RP	_	34	compound:prt	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	40	det:predet	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	conj	_	_
41	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	44	nsubj	_	_
42	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	cop	_	_
43	with	with	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	acl:relcl	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
46	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | now | quickly, therefore *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | David |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent david=Recipient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **not** **lodge** | infinitive |  |  |  | the plains of the wilderness | night |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in plain=Location |
| 5 | **pass over** | infinitive |  |  |  | any wise |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in wise=Location |
| 6 | **swallow up** | infinitive · passive |  | the king and all people |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 7 | **is** | present | all people |  |  |  |  | with David | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְעַתָּ֡ה שִׁלְח֣וּ מְהֵרָה֩ וְהַגִּ֨ידוּ לְדָוִ֜ד לֵאמֹ֗ר אַל־תָּ֤לֶן הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְגַ֖ם עָב֣וֹר תַּעֲב֑וֹר פֶּ֚ן יְבֻלַּ֣ע לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְכָל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃

[2 Samuel 17:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:496` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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