---
title: 2 Samuel 1:5 (JPS 1917) — And David said unto the young man that told him: 'How knowest thou t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said unto the young man that told him: 'How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son are dead?' Who acts: David, young man, thou, Saul. 2 Samuel 1:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.5/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/1/) / [1:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.5/) / JPS 1

# 2 Samuel 1:5 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David said unto the young man that told him: 'How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son are dead?'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, young man, thou, Saul · **What happens:** say, tell, know, be · **To what, where:** David · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 1:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, young man, thou, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:5
# text = And David said unto the young man that told him: 'How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son are dead?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
13	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
14	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
15	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
17	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	ccomp	_	_
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  | unto the young man | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the young man |  | David |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 3 | **know** | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is** | present | Saul and David's son and Jonathan |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד אֶל־הַנַּ֖עַר הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֑וֹ אֵ֣יךְ יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּי־מֵ֥ת שָׁא֖וּל וִיהֽוֹנָתָ֥ן בְּנֽוֹ׃

[2 Samuel 1:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.5/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:5` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [2 Samuel 1:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.4/)
- next →: [2 Samuel 1:6 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.6/)
- ↑ back to [2 Samuel 1:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.5/)