---
title: 2 Samuel 2:16 (JPS 1917) — And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his swo… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together; wherefore that place was called Helkath-hazzurim, which is in Gibeon. Who acts: Joab, one, Helkath hazzurim. 2 Samuel 2:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# 2 Samuel 2:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together; wherefore that place was called Helkath-hazzurim, which is in Gibeon.

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**Who acts:** Joab, one, Helkath hazzurim · **What happens:** catch, fellow, thrust, fall down, call, be · **To what, where:** sword, side, place, Gibeon · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 2:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab, one, Helkath hazzurim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:50
# text = And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together; wherefore that place was called Helkath-hazzurim, which is in Gibeon.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	thrust	thrust	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	's	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
25	down	down	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	together	together	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
28	wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	32	advmod	_	_
29	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	det	_	_
30	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
33	Helkath	Helkath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
34	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	_
35	hazzurim	hazzurim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	xcomp	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	nsubj	_	_
38	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	Gibeon	Gibeon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	acl:relcl	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past | Joab |  |  |  |  | by the head | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fellow** |  | every one |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **thrust** | past | Joab *not said here* | David's sword |  | David's fellow's side |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |
| 4 | **fall down** | past | Joab |  |  |  |  | down, together *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **call** | past · passive |  | that place |  |  |  | wherefore *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 6 | **is** | present | Helkath hazzurim |  |  | Gibeon |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיַּחֲזִ֜קוּ אִ֣ישׁ ׀ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ רֵעֵ֗הוּ וְחַרְבּוֹ֙ בְּצַ֣ד רֵעֵ֔הוּ וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ יַחְדָּ֑ו וַיִּקְרָא֙ לַמָּק֣וֹם הַה֔וּא חֶלְקַ֥ת הַצֻּרִ֖ים חֶלְקַ֥ת הַצֻּרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּגִבְעֽוֹן׃

[2 Samuel 2:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:50` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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