--- title: 2 Samuel 17:21 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David; and they said unto David: 'Arise ye, and pass quickly over the water; for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you.' Who acts: servant, groats, ye, Ahithophel. 2 Samuel 17:21 in JPS 191 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.501/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/) / [17:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.21/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 17:21 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David; and they said unto David: 'Arise ye, and pass quickly over the water; for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you.' **Who acts:** servant, groats, ye, Ahithophel · **What happens:** come, pass, depart, come up, go, tell · **To what, where:** groats, well, king David, water · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 17:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (servant, groats, ye, Ahithophel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:501 # text = And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David; and they said unto David: 'Arise ye, and pass quickly over the water; for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 after after SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 departed depart VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 that that SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 15 up up ADP RP _ 14 compound:prt _ _ 16 out out ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 well well NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 25 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 31 unto unto ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 33 : : PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 34 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 35 punct _ _ 35 Arise arise VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 ccomp _ _ 36 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 35 nsubj _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 conj _ _ 40 quickly quickly ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 41 over over ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 44 ; ; PUNCT : _ 49 punct _ _ 45 for for SCONJ IN _ 49 mark _ _ 46 thus thus ADV RB _ 49 advmod _ _ 47 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 49 aux _ _ 48 Ahithophel Ahithophel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 49 nsubj _ _ 49 counselled counsel VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 35 parataxis _ _ 50 against against ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 51 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 49 obl _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 53 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | servant | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | servant *not said here* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **depart** | past · passive | | groats *= groat* | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **come up** | past | groats *= groat* | | | the well | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out well=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **go** | past | groats *= groat* *not said here* | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | groats *= groat* *not said here* | | king David | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent david=Recipient | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | groats *= groat* | | | | | unto David | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **arise** | infinitive | ye | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **pass** | infinitive | ye *not said here* | | | the water | | quickly *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over water=Location | | 10 | **counsel** *speech: other* | present · perfect | Ahithophel | | | | | against you; thus *property* | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent against you=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י לֶכְתָּ֗ם וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ מֵֽהַבְּאֵ֔ר וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד ק֣וּמוּ וְעִבְר֤וּ מְהֵרָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם כִּי־כָ֛כָה יָעַ֥ץ עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם אֲחִיתֹֽפֶל׃ [2 Samuel 17:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.21/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:501` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.500/) - next →: [2 Samuel 17:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.502/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.21/)