---
title: 2 Samuel 17:22 (JPS 1917) — Then David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they passed over the Jordan; by the morning light there lacked not one of them that was not gone over the Jordan. Who acts: David, people, groats. 2 Samuel 17:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 17:22 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they passed over the Jordan; by the morning light there lacked not one of them that was not gone over the Jordan.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, people, groats · **What happens:** arise, be, pass, not lack, not go · **To what, where:** Jordan, one

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This is 2 Samuel 17:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, people, groats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:502
# text = Then David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they passed over the Jordan; by the morning light there lacked not one of them that was not gone over the Jordan.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
25	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	26	expl	_	_
26	lacked	lack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
28	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nmod	_	_
31	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	34	advmod	_	_
34	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	acl:relcl	_	_
35	over	over	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | David |  |  |  | then |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | all people |  |  |  |  | with Absalom | tree rules |
| 3 | **pass** | past | groats *= groat* |  |  | the Jordan |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over jordan=Location |
| 4 | **not** **lack** | past |  | one of groats |  | there |  | by the morning light | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **go** | past · passive |  |  |  | the Jordan |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֗ד וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן עַד־א֣וֹר הַבֹּ֗קֶר עַד־אַחַד֙ לֹ֣א נֶעְדָּ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־עָבַ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃

[2 Samuel 17:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:502` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.501/)
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- ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.22/)