---
title: 2 Samuel 2:17 (JPS 1917) — And the battle was very sore that day; and Abner was beaten, and the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the battle was very sore that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David. Who acts: battle. 2 Samuel 2:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 2:17 · JPS 1917

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And the battle was very sore that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.

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**Who acts:** battle · **What happens:** be, beat · **To what, where:** Abner

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This is 2 Samuel 2:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (battle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:51
# text = And the battle was very sore that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	before	before	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the battle |  |  |  | day | sore *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **beat** | past · passive |  | Abner |  |  | before the servants of David |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתְּהִ֧י הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה קָשָׁ֥ה עַד־מְאֹ֖ד בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיִּנָּ֤גֶף אַבְנֵר֙ וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִפְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִֽד׃

[2 Samuel 2:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:51` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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