---
title: 2 Samuel 18:2 (JPS 1917) — And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. Who acts: David. 2 Samuel 18:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# 2 Samuel 18:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite.

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**Who acts:** David · **What happens:** send forth · **To what, where:** people

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 18:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:512
# text = And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	under	under	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	20	amod	_	_
20	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
21	under	under	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Abishai	Abishai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Zeruiah	Zeruiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod:poss	_	_
32	's	's	PART	POS	_	31	case	_	_
33	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	38	amod	_	_
38	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
39	under	under	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	Ittai	Ittai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	Gittite	Gittite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	flat	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send forth** | past | David | the people |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח דָּוִ֜ד אֶת־הָעָ֗ם הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית בְּיַד־יוֹאָב֙ וְ֠הַשְּׁלִשִׁית בְּיַ֨ד אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן־צְרוּיָה֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב וְהַ֨שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ת בְּיַ֖ד אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֑יס וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם יָצֹ֥א אֵצֵ֛א גַּם־אֲנִ֖י עִמָּכֶֽם׃

[2 Samuel 18:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.2/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite.**
2. [And the king said unto the people: 'I will surely go forth with you myself also.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.513/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:512` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.511/)
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- ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.2/)