--- title: 2 Samuel 18:3 (JPS 1917) — But the people said: 'Thou shalt not go forth; for if we flee away,… · tree and pragmatics description: But the people said: 'Thou shalt not go forth; for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us; but thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou be ready to succour us out of the city.' Who acts: people, Thou, we, half. 2 Sa --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.514/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / [18:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.3/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 18:3 · JPS 1917 But the people said: 'Thou shalt not go forth; for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us; but thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou be ready to succour us out of the city.' **Who acts:** people, Thou, we, half · **What happens:** say, not go, flee away, not care, die, care · **To what, where:** us, city · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 18:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, Thou, we, half), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:514 # text = But the people said: 'Thou shalt not go forth; for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us; but thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou be ready to succour us out of the city.' 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 6 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 7 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 10 nsubj _ _ 8 shalt shall AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 9 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _ 10 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 ccomp _ _ 11 forth forth ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 13 for for SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 14 if if SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 15 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 flee flee VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 17 away away ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 20 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 21 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 22 advmod _ _ 22 care care VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 ccomp _ _ 23 for for ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 26 neither neither CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 35 cc _ _ 27 if if SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 28 half half NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 31 nsubj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nmod _ _ 31 die die VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 advcl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 33 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 34 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 care care VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 36 for for ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 obl _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT : _ 42 punct _ _ 39 but but CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 40 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 42 nsubj _ _ 41 art be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _ 42 worth worth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 conj _ _ 43 ten ten NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 44 nummod _ _ 44 thousand thousand NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 42 obl:unmarked _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 44 nmod _ _ 47 : : PUNCT : _ 52 punct _ _ 48 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 52 advmod _ _ 49 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 52 advmod _ _ 50 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 expl _ _ 51 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 52 cop _ _ 52 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 22 parataxis _ _ 53 that that SCONJ IN _ 56 mark _ _ 54 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 56 nsubj _ _ 55 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 56 cop _ _ 56 ready ready ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 csubj _ _ 57 to to PART TO _ 58 mark _ _ 58 succour succour VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 56 xcomp _ _ 59 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 58 obj _ _ 60 out out ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 61 of of ADP IN _ 60 fixed _ _ 62 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 63 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obl _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ 65 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: suggest - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the people | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **not** **go** | shall | Thou | | | | | forth *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **flee away** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | we | | | | | away *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **not** **care** | future | people | | | | | for us | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for we=Theme | | 5 | **die** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | half of us | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 6 | **care** | future | people | | | | | for us | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for we=Theme | | 7 | **is** | present | thou | | | | | ten thousand of us *obl:unmarked*; worth *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **is** | present | | | | | now | good, therefore *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **is** | infinitive | thou | | | | | ready *property* | tree rules | | 10 | **succour** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | us | | the city | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם לֹ֣א תֵצֵ֗א כִּי֩ אִם־נֹ֨ס נָנ֜וּס לֹא־יָשִׂ֧ימוּ אֵלֵ֣ינוּ לֵ֗ב וְאִם־יָמֻ֤תוּ חֶצְיֵ֙נוּ֙ לֹֽא־יָשִׂ֤ימוּ אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ לֵ֔ב כִּֽי־עַתָּ֥ה כָמֹ֖נוּ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה אֲלָפִ֑ים וְעַתָּ֣ה ט֔וֹב כִּי־תִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ מֵעִ֖יר לַעְזֽוֹר׃ס [2 Samuel 18:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.3/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:514` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.513/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.515/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.3/)