---
title: 2 Samuel 18:5 (JPS 1917) — And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying: 'Deal gen… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying: 'Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom.' And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom. Who acts: king, people. 2 Samuel 18:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.516/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / [18:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.5/) / JPS 1

# 2 Samuel 18:5 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying: 'Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom.' And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** king, people · **What happens:** command, say, deal, hear, give · **To what, where:** Joab, captains charge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 18:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:516
# text = And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying: 'Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom.' And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Abishai	Abishai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Ittai	Ittai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Deal	deal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
15	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	sake	sake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	even	even	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
29	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
30	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	32	det:predet	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
33	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
34	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	37	mark	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
37	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	advcl	_	_
38	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	41	det:predet	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	captains	captain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	compound	_	_
41	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
42	concerning	concern	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **command** | past | the king | Joab and Abishai and Ittai |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent joab=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the king *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **deal** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for my sake; with the young man; with Absalom; gently *property* | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with man=Theme |
| 4 | **hear** | past | all people |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **give** | past | the king | all captains charge |  |  |  | concern Absalom | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charge=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־י֠וֹאָב וְאֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אִתַּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאַט־לִ֖י לַנַּ֣עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּצַוֺּ֥ת הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃

[2 Samuel 18:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.5/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:516` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.515/)
- next →: [2 Samuel 18:6 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.517/)
- ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.5/)