---
title: 2 Samuel 18:11 (JPS 1917) — And Joab said unto the man that told him: 'And, behold, thou sawest… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Joab said unto the man that told him: 'And, behold, thou sawest it, and why didst thou not smite him there to the ground? and I would have had to give thee ten pieces of silver, and a girdle.' Who acts: Joab, man, thou, I. 2 Samuel 18:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# 2 Samuel 18:11 · JPS 1917

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And Joab said unto the man that told him: 'And, behold, thou sawest it, and why didst thou not smite him there to the ground? and I would have had to give thee ten pieces of silver, and a girdle.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Joab, man, thou, I · **What happens:** say, tell, see, not smite, have, give · **To what, where:** Joab, hold, ten pieces, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 18:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab, man, thou, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:523
# text = And Joab said unto the man that told him: 'And, behold, thou sawest it, and why didst thou not smite him there to the ground? and I would have had to give thee ten pieces of silver, and a girdle.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
12	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	17	discourse	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
17	sawest	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
22	didst	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
23	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nsubj	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	25	advmod	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
31	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
33	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
34	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	aux	_	_
36	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	38	mark	_	_
38	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	xcomp	_	_
39	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	38	iobj	_	_
40	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	41	nummod	_	_
41	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
46	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	girdle	girdle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	conj	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
49	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- indirect: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joab |  |  |  |  | unto the man | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the man |  | Joab |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 3 | **see** | past | thou | hold |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **smite** | past · do-support | thou | Joab |  | there |  | to the ground *result* | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent he=Patient to ground=Result |
| 5 | **have** | would · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **give** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | ten pieces of silver and a girdle | thee |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient piece=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֗ב לָאִישׁ֙ הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֔וֹ וְהִנֵּ֣ה רָאִ֔יתָ וּמַדּ֛וּעַ לֹֽא־הִכִּית֥וֹ שָׁ֖ם אָ֑רְצָה וְעָלַ֗י לָ֤תֶת לְךָ֙ עֲשָׂ֣רָה כֶ֔סֶף וַחֲגֹרָ֖ה אֶחָֽת׃

[2 Samuel 18:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:523` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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