---
title: 2 Samuel 18:15 (JPS 1917) — And ten young men that bore Joab's armour compassed about and smote… · tree and pragmatics
description: And ten young men that bore Joab's armour compassed about and smote Absalom, and slew him. Who acts: ten young men. 2 Samuel 18:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 18:15 · JPS 1917

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And ten young men that bore Joab's armour compassed about and smote Absalom, and slew him.

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**Who acts:** ten young men · **What happens:** bear, compass about, smote, slay · **To what, where:** armour, Absalom

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This is 2 Samuel 18:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ten young men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:527
# text = And ten young men that bore Joab's armour compassed about and smote Absalom, and slew him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	bore	bear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	compassed	compass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	smote	smote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past | ten young men | Joab's armour |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent armour=Patient |
| 2 | **compass about** | past | ten young men |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **smote** | past | ten young men *not said here* | Absalom |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **slay** | past | ten young men *not said here* | Absalom |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּסֹ֙בּוּ֙ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה נְעָרִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י כְּלֵ֣י יוֹאָ֑ב וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת־אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם וַיְמִיתֻֽהוּ׃

[2 Samuel 18:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.15/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:527` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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