---
title: 2 Samuel 18:16 (JPS 1917) — And Joab blew the horn, and the people returned from pursuing after… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Joab blew the horn, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel; for Joab held back the people. Who acts: Joab, people. 2 Samuel 18:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 18:16 · JPS 1917

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And Joab blew the horn, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel; for Joab held back the people.

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**Who acts:** Joab, people · **What happens:** blow, return, pursue, hold back · **To what, where:** horn, people

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This is 2 Samuel 18:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:528
# text = And Joab blew the horn, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel; for Joab held back the people.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	pursuing	pursue	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
13	after	after	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
19	back	back	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | Joab | the horn |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |
| 2 | **return** | past | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pursue** | gerund | the people *not said here* |  |  |  | after Israel |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent after israel=Theme |
| 4 | **hold back** | past | Joab | the people |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּשֹּׁפָ֔ר וַיָּ֣שָׁב הָעָ֔ם מִרְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־חָשַׂ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֖ב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃

[2 Samuel 18:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:528` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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