---
title: 2 Samuel 18:18 (JPS 1917) — Now Absalom in his life-time had taken and reared up for himself the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now Absalom in his life-time had taken and reared up for himself the pillar, which is in the king's dale; for he said: 'I have no son to keep my name in remembrance'; and he called the pillar after his own name; and it is called Absalom's monument unto this day. Who acts: Absalom, pillar, I, my. 2 S
---

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# 2 Samuel 18:18 · JPS 1917

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Now Absalom in his life-time had taken and reared up for himself the pillar, which is in the king's dale; for he said: 'I have no son to keep my name in remembrance'; and he called the pillar after his own name; and it is called Absalom's monument unto this day.

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**Who acts:** Absalom, pillar, I, my · **What happens:** take, rear up, be, say, have, keep · **To what, where:** pillar, dale, son, name, remembrance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 18:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Absalom, pillar, I, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:530
# text = Now Absalom in his life-time had taken and reared up for himself the pillar, which is in the king's dale; for he said: 'I have no son to keep my name in remembrance'; and he called the pillar after his own name; and it is called Absalom's monument unto this day.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
2	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	reared	rear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	pillar	pillar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	's	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	dale	dale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	acl:relcl	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
26	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	_
31	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	ccomp	_	_
33	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	34	det	_	_
34	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	acl	_	_
37	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	remembrance	remembrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
41	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
42	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
45	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	pillar	pillar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	_
48	after	after	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
49	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	51	nmod:poss	_	_
50	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	_
52	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	56	punct	_	_
53	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
54	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj:pass	_	_
55	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	56	aux:pass	_	_
56	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
57	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	59	nmod:poss	_	_
58	's	's	PART	POS	_	57	case	_	_
59	monument	monument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	xcomp	_	_
60	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
61	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	62	det	_	_
62	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obl	_	_
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past · perfect | Absalom |  |  |  | now; time |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rear up** | participle | Absalom *not said here* | the pillar |  |  |  | for Absalom | vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pillar=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | the pillar |  |  | the king's dale |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Absalom |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **have** | present | I | no son |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |
| 6 | **keep** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | my name |  | remembrance |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent name=Theme in remembrance=Location |
| 7 | **call** | past | Absalom | the pillar |  |  | after Absalom's own name |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pillar=Recipient |
| 8 | **call** | present · passive |  | name |  |  | day |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 9 | **name** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 10 | **name** |  | Absalom |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֣ם לָקַ֗ח וַיַּצֶּב־ל֤וֹ בְחַיָּיו֙ אֶת־מַצֶּ֙בֶת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעֵֽמֶק־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֤י אָמַר֙ אֵֽין־לִ֣י בֵ֔ן בַּעֲב֖וּר הַזְכִּ֣יר שְׁמִ֑י וַיִּקְרָ֤א לַמַּצֶּ֙בֶת֙ עַל־שְׁמ֔וֹ וַיִּקָּ֤רֵא לָהּ֙ יַ֣ד אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס

[2 Samuel 18:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:530` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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