---
title: 2 Samuel 18:19 (JPS 1917) — Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok: 'Let me now run, and bear the ki… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok: 'Let me now run, and bear the king tidings, how that the LORD hath avenged him of his enemies.' Who acts: Ahimaaz, me, LORD. 2 Samuel 18:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 18:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok: 'Let me now run, and bear the king tidings, how that the LORD hath avenged him of his enemies.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ahimaaz, me, LORD · **What happens:** say, let, run, bear, avenge · **To what, where:** me, tidings, Ahimaaz · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 18:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ahimaaz, me, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:531
# text = Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok: 'Let me now run, and bear the king tidings, how that the LORD hath avenged him of his enemies.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Ahimaaz	Ahimaaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	vocative	_	_
7	Zadok	Zadok	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
13	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	tidings	tiding	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	26	advmod	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	avenged	avenge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	ccomp	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
32	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ahimaaz |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **run** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  | now |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **bear** | infinitive | me *not said here* | king's tidings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **avenge** | present · perfect | the LORD | Ahimaaz |  |  |  | of king's enemies | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַאֲחִימַ֤עַץ בֶּן־צָדוֹק֙ אָמַ֔ר אָר֣וּצָה נָּ֔א וַאֲבַשְּׂרָ֖ה אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּי־שְׁפָט֥וֹ יְהוָ֖ה מִיַּ֥ד אֹיְבָֽיו׃

[2 Samuel 18:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:531` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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