---
title: 2 Samuel 18:20 (JPS 1917) — And Joab said unto him: 'Thou shalt not be the bearer of tidings thi… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Joab said unto him: 'Thou shalt not be the bearer of tidings this day, but thou shalt bear tidings another day; but this day thou shalt bear no tidings, forasmuch as the king's son is dead.' Who acts: Joab, Thou, son. 2 Samuel 18:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# 2 Samuel 18:20 · JPS 1917

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And Joab said unto him: 'Thou shalt not be the bearer of tidings this day, but thou shalt bear tidings another day; but this day thou shalt bear no tidings, forasmuch as the king's son is dead.'

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**Who acts:** Joab, Thou, son · **What happens:** say, not be, bear, be · **To what, where:** bearer, tidings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 18:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab, Thou, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:532
# text = And Joab said unto him: 'Thou shalt not be the bearer of tidings this day, but thou shalt bear tidings another day; but this day thou shalt bear no tidings, forasmuch as the king's son is dead.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
8	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nsubj	_	_
9	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bearer	bearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	tidings	tiding	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nsubj	_	_
21	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
23	tidings	tiding	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
24	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
25	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl:unmarked	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
27	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
28	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl:unmarked	_	_
30	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	32	nsubj	_	_
31	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
33	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	34	det	_	_
34	tidings	tiding	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
36	forasmuch	forasmuch	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
37	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	36	fixed	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod:poss	_	_
40	's	's	PART	POS	_	39	case	_	_
41	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
42	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	cop	_	_
43	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	advcl	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
45	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: disagree
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=disagree, form=decl

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joab |  |  |  |  | unto Ahimaaz | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | shall | Thou | the bearer |  |  | day | of tidings | tree rules |
| 3 | **bear** | shall | thou | tidings |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tiding=Patient |
| 4 | **bear** | shall | thou | no tidings |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tiding=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present | the king's son |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יוֹאָ֗ב לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ בְּשֹׂרָ֤ה אַתָּה֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וּבִשַּׂרְתָּ֖ בְּי֣וֹם אַחֵ֑ר וְהַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תְבַשֵּׂ֔ר כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ןבֶּן־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מֵֽת׃

[2 Samuel 18:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:532` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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