--- title: 2 Samuel 18:23 (JPS 1917) — 'But come what may, said he, I will run.' And he said unto him: 'Run… · tree and pragmatics description: 'But come what may, said he, I will run.' And he said unto him: 'Run.' Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the Plain, and overran the Cushite. Who acts: I, Joab, Ahimaaz. 2 Samuel 18:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.535/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / [18:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.23/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 18:23 · JPS 1917 'But come what may, said he, I will run.' And he said unto him: 'Run.' Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the Plain, and overran the Cushite. **Who acts:** I, Joab, Ahimaaz · **What happens:** come, say, run, overrun · **To what, where:** Cushite · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 18:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Joab, Ahimaaz), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:535 # text = 'But come what may, said he, I will run.' And he said unto him: 'Run.' Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the Plain, and overran the Cushite. 1 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ _ 2 But but CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 come come VERB VB Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ _ 4 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 3 obj _ _ 5 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 10 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 11 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 12 run run VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 ccomp _ _ 13 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ 14 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ _ 15 And and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 18 unto unto ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ _ 20 : : PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 21 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ _ 22 Run run VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 ccomp _ _ 23 . . PUNCT . _ 22 punct _ _ 24 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ _ 25 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 27 advmod _ _ 26 Ahimaaz Ahimaaz PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 ran run VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 28 by by ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 Plain plain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 overran overrun VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 Cushite cushite PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - indirect: yes - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | may | I *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location what=Theme | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joab | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **run** | future | I | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joab | | | | | unto Cushite | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **run** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **run** | past | Ahimaaz | | | | then | by the way of the Plain | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by way=Trajectory | | 7 | **overrun** | past | Ahimaaz *not said here* | the Cushite | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וִיהִי־מָ֣ה אָר֔וּץ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ר֑וּץ וַיָּ֤רָץ אֲחִימַ֙עַץ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַכִּכָּ֔ר וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַכּוּשִֽׁי׃ [2 Samuel 18:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.23/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:535` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.534/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.536/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.23/)