--- title: 2 Samuel 18:24 (JPS 1917) — Now David sat between the two gates; and the watchman went up to the… · tree and pragmatics description: Now David sat between the two gates; and the watchman went up to the roof of the gate unto the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold a man running alone. Who acts: David, watchman, man. 2 Samuel 18:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.536/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / [18:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.24/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 18:24 · JPS 1917 Now David sat between the two gates; and the watchman went up to the roof of the gate unto the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold a man running alone. **Who acts:** David, watchman, man · **What happens:** sit, go up, lift up, look, run · **To what, where:** two gates, eyes, man This is 2 Samuel 18:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, watchman, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:536 # text = Now David sat between the two gates; and the watchman went up to the roof of the gate unto the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold a man running alone. 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 sat sit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 between between ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 7 gates gate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 8 ; ; PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 watchman watchman NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 13 up up ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 14 to to ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 roof roof NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 gate gate NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 20 unto unto ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 wall wall NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 lifted lift VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 26 up up ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ _ 27 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 34 behold behold INTJ UH _ 31 discourse _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 37 running run VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 36 acl _ _ 38 alone alone ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sit** | past | David | | | the two gates | now | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent between gate=Location | | 2 | **go up** | past | the watchman | | | | | to the roof of the gate unto the wall | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **lift up** | past | the watchman *not said here* | Joab's eyes | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme | | 4 | **look** | past | the watchman *not said here* | a man | | | | | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme man=Attribute | | 5 | **run** | gerund | a man *not said here* | | | | | alone *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְדָוִ֥ד יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בֵּין־שְׁנֵ֣י הַשְּׁעָרִ֑ים וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הַצֹּפֶ֜ה אֶל־גַּ֤ג הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ אֶל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה וַיִּשָּׂ֤א אֶת־עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִ֖ישׁ רָ֥ץ לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ [2 Samuel 18:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.24/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:536` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.535/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:25 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.537/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.24/)