--- title: 2 Samuel 19:8 (JPS 1917) — Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak to the heart of thy servant… · tree and pragmatics description: Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak to the heart of thy servants; for I swear by the LORD, if thou go not forth, there will not tarry a man with thee this night; and that will be worse unto thee than all the evil that hath befallen thee from thy youth until now.' Who acts: you, I, thou, that. 2 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.554/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/) / [19:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.8/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 19:8 · JPS 1917 Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak to the heart of thy servants; for I swear by the LORD, if thou go not forth, there will not tarry a man with thee this night; and that will be worse unto thee than all the evil that hath befallen thee from thy youth until now.' **Who acts:** you, I, thou, that, evil · **What happens:** arise, go, speak, swear, not go, not tarry · **To what, where:** man, thee, youth · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 19:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, thou, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:554 # text = Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak to the heart of thy servants; for I swear by the LORD, if thou go not forth, there will not tarry a man with thee this night; and that will be worse unto thee than all the evil that hath befallen thee from thy youth until now.' 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 arise arise VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 go go VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 6 forth forth ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 speak speak VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nmod _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 17 for for SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 18 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 swear swear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 20 by by ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 if if SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 25 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 26 nsubj _ _ 26 go go VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 advcl _ _ 27 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 26 advmod _ _ 28 forth forth ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 30 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 33 expl _ _ 31 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 33 advmod _ _ 33 tarry tarry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 with with ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 33 obl _ _ 38 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 39 det _ _ 39 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl:unmarked _ _ 40 ; ; PUNCT : _ 45 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 42 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 45 nsubj _ _ 43 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 44 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 45 cop _ _ 45 worse bad ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 conj _ _ 46 unto unto ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 45 obl _ _ 48 than than ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 49 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 51 det:predet _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 evil evil NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 52 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 54 nsubj _ _ 53 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 54 aux _ _ 54 befallen befall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 51 acl:relcl _ _ 55 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 54 obj _ _ 56 from from ADP IN _ 58 case _ _ 57 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 58 nmod:poss _ _ 58 youth youth NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obl _ _ 59 until until ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 60 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 54 obl _ _ 61 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 62 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=request | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **arise** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | now | therefore *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **go** | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | forth *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | to the heart of thy servants | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to heart=Co-Agent | | 4 | **swear** | present | I | | | | | by the LORD | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **not** **go** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | thou | | | | | forth *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **not** **tarry** | future | you *not said here* | a man | | there | night | with thee | tree rules | | 7 | **is** | future | that | | | | | unto thee; than all evil; bad *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **befall** | present · perfect | all evil | thee | | thy youth | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְעַתָּה֙ ק֣וּם צֵ֔א וְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ כִּי֩ בַיהוָ֨ה נִשְׁבַּ֜עְתִּי כִּי־אֵינְךָ֣ יוֹצֵ֗א אִם־יָלִ֨ין אִ֤ישׁ אִתְּךָ֙ הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְרָעָ֧ה לְךָ֣ זֹ֗את מִכָּל־הָרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אָה עָלֶ֔יךָ מִנְּעֻרֶ֖יךָ עַד־עָֽתָּה׃ס [2 Samuel 19:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:554` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 19:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.553/) - next →: [2 Samuel 19:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.555/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 19:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.8/)