---
title: 2 Samuel 19:10 (JPS 1917) — And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israe… · tree and pragmatics
description: And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying: 'The king delivered us out of the hand of our enemies, and he saved us out of the hand of the Philistines; and now he is fled out of the land from Absalom. Who acts: people, king. 2 Samuel 19:10 in JPS 1917 with its depen
---

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# 2 Samuel 19:10 · JPS 1917

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And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying: 'The king delivered us out of the hand of our enemies, and he saved us out of the hand of the Philistines; and now he is fled out of the land from Absalom.

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**Who acts:** people, king · **What happens:** be, say, deliver, save, flee · **To what, where:** strife, us, hand, king, land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 19:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:558
# text = And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying: 'The king delivered us out of the hand of our enemies, and he saved us out of the hand of the Philistines; and now he is fled out of the land from Absalom.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	strife	strife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	advcl	_	_
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	_
18	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
21	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	out	out	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
33	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	out	out	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	37	nmod	_	_
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
43	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	46	advmod	_	_
44	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj:pass	_	_
45	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	aux:pass	_	_
46	fled	flee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
47	out	out	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
51	from	from	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | all people |  |  | strife | throughout all tribes of Israel |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | all people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **deliver** | past | the king | us |  | the hand of our enemies |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent we=Theme out hand=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **save** | past | king | us |  | the hand of the Philistines |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 5 | **flee** | present · passive |  | king |  | the land | now | from Absalom | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֤י כָל־הָעָם֙ נָד֔וֹן בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ הִצִּילָ֣נוּ ׀ מִכַּ֣ף אֹיְבֵ֗ינוּ וְה֤וּא מִלְּטָ֙נוּ֙ מִכַּ֣ף פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְעַתָּ֛ה בָּרַ֥ח מִן־הָאָ֖רֶץ מֵעַ֥ל אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃

[2 Samuel 19:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:558` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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