---
title: 2 Samuel 19:11 (JPS 1917) — And Absalom, whom we anointed over us, is dead in battle. · tree and pragmatics
description: And Absalom, whom we anointed over us, is dead in battle. Who acts: we, Absalom. 2 Samuel 19:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 19:11 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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And Absalom, whom we anointed over us, is dead in battle.

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**Who acts:** we, Absalom · **What happens:** anoint, be · **To what, where:** Absalom, battle

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This is 2 Samuel 19:11 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, Absalom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:559
# text = And Absalom, whom we anointed over us, is dead in battle.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	anointed	anoint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **anoint** | past | we | Absalom |  |  |  | over us | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent whom=Result |
| 2 | **is** | present | Absalom |  |  | battle |  | dead *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָשַׁ֣חְנוּ עָלֵ֔ינוּ מֵ֖ת בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְעַתָּ֗ה לָמָ֥ה אַתֶּ֛ם מַחֲרִשִׁ֖ים לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ס

[2 Samuel 19:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.11/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **And Absalom, whom we anointed over us, is dead in battle.**
2. [Now, therefore, why speak ye not a word of bringing the king back?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.560/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:559` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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