--- title: 2 Samuel 19:12 (JPS 1917) — And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying: 'S… · tree and pragmatics description: And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying: 'Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying: Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house? — For the speech of all Israel was come to the king, to bring him to his house. — Who acts: king David, ye. 2 Samuel 19:12 in JPS 1917 w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.561/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/) / [19:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.12/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 19:12 · JPS 1917 And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying: 'Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying: Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house? — For the speech of all Israel was come to the king, to bring him to his house. — **Who acts:** king David, ye · **What happens:** send, say, speak, be, bring back, come · **To what, where:** Zadok, king, house, speech, Israel · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 19:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king David, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:561 # text = And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying: 'Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying: Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house? — For the speech of all Israel was come to the king, to bring him to his house. — 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 sent send VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Zadok Zadok PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 to to ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Abiathar Abiathar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 priests priest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 appos _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ _ 16 Speak speak VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 ccomp _ _ 17 unto unto ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 elders elder NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 16 advcl _ _ 24 : : PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 25 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 29 advmod _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 27 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 29 nsubj _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 ccomp _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 bring bring VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 advcl _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 back back ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 35 to to ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 38 ? ? PUNCT . _ 29 punct _ _ 39 — - PUNCT : _ 47 punct _ _ 40 For for SCONJ IN _ 47 mark _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 speech speech NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nsubj:pass _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 45 det _ _ 45 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 nmod _ _ 46 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 47 aux:pass _ _ 47 come come VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 advcl _ _ 48 to to ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obl _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 52 to to PART TO _ 53 mark _ _ 53 bring bring VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 47 advcl _ _ 54 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 53 obj _ _ 55 to to ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 56 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 57 nmod:poss _ _ 57 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 obl _ _ 58 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ 59 — - PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **send** | past | king David | | Zadok | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to zadok=Destination | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | king David *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | | | | | | unto the elders of Judah | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** | present | ye | | | | | last *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **bring back** | to-infinitive | ye *not said here* | the king | | king's house | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent king=Theme to house=Destination | | 7 | **come** | past · passive | | the speech of all Israel | | | | to the king | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 8 | **bring** | to-infinitive | | king | | king's house | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to house=Destination | | 9 | **speak** | | | all Israel | | | | | nom speech «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד שָׁ֠לַח אֶל־צָד֨וֹק וְאֶל־אֶבְיָתָ֥ר הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ לֵאמֹר֒ דַּבְּר֞וּ אֶל־זִקְנֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָ֤מָּה תִֽהְיוּ֙ אַֽחֲרֹנִ֔ים לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וּדְבַר֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ֥א אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ [2 Samuel 19:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:561` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 19:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.560/) - next →: [2 Samuel 19:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.562/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 19:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.12/)