---
title: 2 Samuel 19:15 (JPS 1917) — And he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah, even as the heart of… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah, even as the heart of one man; so that they sent unto the king: 'Return thou, and all thy servants.' Who acts: God, bone, thou. 2 Samuel 19:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 19:15 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah, even as the heart of one man; so that they sent unto the king: 'Return thou, and all thy servants.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** God, bone, thou · **What happens:** bow, send, return · **To what, where:** heart

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 19:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God, bone, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:565
# text = And he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah, even as the heart of one man; so that they sent unto the king: 'Return thou, and all thy servants.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	appos	_	_
5	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	even	even	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	24	mark	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
25	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
29	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	_
30	Return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	ccomp	_	_
31	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nsubj	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	36	det:predet	_	_
35	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	_
38	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | past | God | heart of all men of Judah |  |  |  | as the heart of one man | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Topic |
| 2 | **send** | past | bone |  |  |  |  | unto the king | tree rules |
| 3 | **return** | infinitive | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֛ט אֶת־לְבַ֥ב כָּל־אִישׁ־יְהוּדָ֖ה כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שׁ֥וּב אַתָּ֖ה וְכָל־עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃

[2 Samuel 19:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.15/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:565` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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