--- title: 2 Samuel 1:6 (JPS 1917) — And the young man that told him said: 'As I happened by chance upon… · tree and pragmatics description: And the young man that told him said: 'As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and the horsemen pressed hard upon him. Who acts: young man, I, Saul, chariots. 2 Samuel 1:6 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/1/) / [1:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.6/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 1:6 · JPS 1917 And the young man that told him said: 'As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and the horsemen pressed hard upon him. **Who acts:** young man, I, Saul, chariots · **What happens:** tell, say, happen, lean, press · **To what, where:** man, spear · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 1:6 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young man, I, Saul, chariots), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:6 # text = And the young man that told him said: 'As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and the horsemen pressed hard upon him. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 5 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 7 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 iobj _ _ 8 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 10 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ _ 11 As as SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 12 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 happened happen VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 chance chance NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 16 upon upon ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 mount mount NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 Gilboa Gilboa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 flat _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 behold behold INTJ UH _ 23 discourse _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 22 Saul Saul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 leaned lean VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 ccomp _ _ 24 upon upon ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 lo lo INTJ UH _ 37 discourse _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 chariots chariot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 horsemen horseman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 conj _ _ 37 pressed press VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 38 hard hard ADV RB Degree=Pos 37 advmod _ _ 39 upon upon ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the young man | | man | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the young man | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **happen** | past | I | | | | | by chance; upon mount | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by chance=Location | | 4 | **lean** | past | Saul | | | Saul's spear | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon spear=Location | | 5 | **press** | past | the chariots and the horsemen | | | | | upon Saul; hard *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֗וֹ נִקְרֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֙יתִי֙ בְּהַ֣ר הַגִּלְבֹּ֔עַ וְהִנֵּ֥ה שָׁא֖וּל נִשְׁעָ֣ן עַל־חֲנִית֑וֹ וְהִנֵּ֥ה הָרֶ֛כֶב וּבַעֲלֵ֥י הַפָּרָשִׁ֖ים הִדְבִּקֻֽהוּ׃ [2 Samuel 1:6: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.6/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:6` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 1:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.5/) - next →: [2 Samuel 1:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.7/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 1:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.6/)