---
title: 2 Samuel 20:23 (JPS 1917) — Now Joab was over all the host of Israel; and Benaiah the son of Jeh… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now Joab was over all the host of Israel; and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites; Who acts: Joab, Benaiah. 2 Samuel 20:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 20:23 · JPS 1917

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Now Joab was over all the host of Israel; and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites;

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**Who acts:** Joab, Benaiah · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** host, Cherethites

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This is 2 Samuel 20:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab, Benaiah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:630
# text = Now Joab was over all the host of Israel; and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites;
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
12	Benaiah	Benaiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Jehoiada	Jehoiada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	over	over	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Cherethites	Cherethites	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	over	over	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Pelethites	Pelethites	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Joab |  |  | all host and the Cherethites and the Pelethites | now | of Israel | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | Benaiah |  |  | the Cherethites and the Pelethites |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְיוֹאָ֕ב אֶ֥ל כָּל־הַצָּבָ֖א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבְנָיָה֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע עַל־הַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְעַל־הַפְּלֵתִֽי׃

[2 Samuel 20:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.20.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:630` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [2 Samuel 20:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.629/)
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