---
title: 2 Samuel 21:1 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD said: 'It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, becaus… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the LORD said: 'It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he put to death the Gibeonites.' Who acts: LORD, famine. 2 Samuel 21:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 21:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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And the LORD said: 'It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he put to death the Gibeonites.'

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**Who acts:** LORD, famine · **What happens:** say, be, put · **To what, where:** Gibeonites · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 21:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, famine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:635
# text = And the LORD said: 'It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he put to death the Gibeonites.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
7	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	bloody	bloody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Gibeonites	Gibeonite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | famine |  |  |  |  | for Saul and LORD's bloody house | tree rules |
| 3 | **put** | past | LORD |  | the Gibeonites |  |  | to death | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent gibeonite=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֣י רָעָב֩ בִּימֵ֨י דָוִ֜ד שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים שָׁנָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה וַיְבַקֵּ֥שׁ דָּוִ֖ד אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑הס וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶל־בֵּ֣ית הַדָּמִ֔ים עַל־אֲשֶׁר־הֵמִ֖ית אֶת־הַגִּבְעֹנִֽים׃

[2 Samuel 21:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.1/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [And there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David sought the face of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.634/)
2. **And the LORD said: 'It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he put to death the Gibeonites.'**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:635` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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