---
title: 2 Samuel 2:30 (JPS 1917) — And Joab returned from following Abner; and when he had gathered all… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Joab returned from following Abner; and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men and Asahel. Who acts: Joab, Abner. 2 Samuel 2:30 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 2:30 · JPS 1917

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And Joab returned from following Abner; and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men and Asahel.

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**Who acts:** Joab, Abner · **What happens:** return, follow, gather, lack · **To what, where:** Abner, people, nineteen men

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This is 2 Samuel 2:30 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab, Abner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:64
# text = And Joab returned from following Abner; and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men and Asahel.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
9	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	12	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
13	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	15	det:predet	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	there	there	PRON	EX	_	19	expl	_	_
19	lacked	lack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
24	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Asahel	Asahel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | Joab |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund | Joab *not said here* | Abner |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abner=Theme |
| 3 | **gather** | past · perfect | Abner | all people |  |  |  | together *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 4 | **lack** | past | Joab *not said here* | nineteen men of David's servants and Asahel |  | there |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְיוֹאָ֗ב שָׁ֚ב מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיִּקְבֹּ֖ץ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֑ם וַיִּפָּ֨קְד֜וּ מֵעַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד תִּשְׁעָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר אִ֖ישׁ וַעֲשָׂה־אֵֽלעֲשָׂה־אֵֽל׃

[2 Samuel 2:30: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.30/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:64` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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