---
title: 2 Samuel 21:12 (JPS 1917) — And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the broad place of Beth-shan, where the Philistines had hanged them, in the day that the Philistines slew Saul in Gilboa; Who acts: David, men, Philistines. 2 Samuel 21
---

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# 2 Samuel 21:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the broad place of Beth-shan, where the Philistines had hanged them, in the day that the Philistines slew Saul in Gilboa;

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**Who acts:** David, men, Philistines · **What happens:** go, take, steal, hang, slay · **To what, where:** bones, Saul, broad place, Gilboa

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This is 2 Samuel 21:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, men, Philistines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:646
# text = And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the broad place of Beth-shan, where the Philistines had hanged them, in the day that the Philistines slew Saul in Gilboa;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	Jabesh	Jabesh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	_
23	gilead	gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	stolen	steal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	acl:relcl	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	_
36	shan	shan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	flat	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
38	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	42	advmod	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj	_	_
41	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	hanged	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	32	acl:relcl	_	_
43	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obj	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
45	in	in	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
48	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	51	mark	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	51	nsubj	_	_
51	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	acl:relcl	_	_
52	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	obj	_	_
53	in	in	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	Gilboa	Gilboa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	_
55	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | past | David *not said here* | the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan |  |  |  | from the men of Jabesh gilead | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent bone=Theme from man=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **steal** | past · perfect | the men of Jabesh gilead | Saul |  | the broad place of Beth |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent they=Theme from place=Source |
| 4 | **hang** | past · perfect | the Philistines | Saul |  |  | day |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 5 | **slay** | past | the Philistines | Saul |  | Gilboa |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saul=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־עַצְמ֤וֹת שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶת־עַצְמוֹת֙ יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֔וֹ מֵאֵ֕ת בַּעֲלֵ֖י יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֲשֶׁר֩ גָּנְב֨וּ אֹתָ֜ם מֵרְחֹ֣ב בֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ןבֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר תְּלָא֥וּם שָׁ֙מָּה֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים בְּי֨וֹם הַכּ֧וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל בַּגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃

[2 Samuel 21:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:646` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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