---
title: 2 Samuel 21:21 (JPS 1917) — And when he taunted Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's broth… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when he taunted Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother slew him. Who acts: war, Jonathan. 2 Samuel 21:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 21:21 · JPS 1917

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And when he taunted Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother slew him.

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**Who acts:** war, Jonathan · **What happens:** taunt, slay · **To what, where:** Israel, war

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This is 2 Samuel 21:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (war, Jonathan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:657
# text = And when he taunted Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother slew him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	taunted	taunt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	Shimea	Shimea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
15	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taunt** | past | war | Israel |  |  |  |  | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent israel=Patient |
| 2 | **slay** | past | Jonathan | war |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְחָרֵ֖ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּכֵּ֙הוּ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן בֶּן־שִׁמְעָ֖ה אֲחִ֥י דָוִֽד׃

[2 Samuel 21:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:657` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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