---
title: 2 Samuel 22:12 (JPS 1917) — And He made darkness pavilions round about Him, gathering of waters,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And He made darkness pavilions round about Him, gathering of waters, thick clouds of the skies. Who acts: fire. 2 Samuel 22:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 22:12 · JPS 1917

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And He made darkness pavilions round about Him, gathering of waters, thick clouds of the skies.

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**Who acts:** fire · **What happens:** make, gather, cloud · **To what, where:** darkness pavilions, waters, skies

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This is 2 Samuel 22:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:671
# text = And He made darkness pavilions round about Him, gathering of waters, thick clouds of the skies.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	pavilions	pavilion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	round	round	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	skies	sky	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | fire | darkness pavilions |  |  |  | about cherub; round *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pavilion=Product |
| 2 | **gather** | gerund | fire *not said here* | waters |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
| 3 | **cloud** |  |  | the skies |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּ֥שֶׁת חֹ֛שֶׁךְ סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו סֻכּ֑וֹת חַֽשְׁרַת־מַ֖יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃

[2 Samuel 22:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.22.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:671` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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