---
title: 2 Samuel 22:38 (JPS 1917) — I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; neither did I turn… · tree and pragmatics
description: I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; neither did I turn back till they were consumed. Who acts: I. 2 Samuel 22:38 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 22:38 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; neither did I turn back till they were consumed.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** pursue, destroy, turn back, consume · **To what, where:** enemies

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This is 2 Samuel 22:38 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:697
# text = I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; neither did I turn back till they were consumed.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	pursued	pursue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	14	cc	_	_
12	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
15	back	back	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	consumed	consume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pursue** | present · perfect | I | mine enemies |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Theme |
| 2 | **destroy** | participle | I *not said here* | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 3 | **turn back** | past · do-support | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **consume** | past · passive |  | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֶרְדְּפָ֥ה אֹיְבַ֖י וָאַשְׁמִידֵ֑ם וְלֹ֥א אָשׁ֖וּב עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃

[2 Samuel 22:38: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.22.38/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:697` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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