---
title: 2 Samuel 22:43 (JPS 1917) — Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did tread them down. Who acts: I. 2 Samuel 22:43 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 22:43 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did tread them down.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** beat, stamp, tread down · **To what, where:** enemies

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This is 2 Samuel 22:43 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:702
# text = Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did tread them down.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	stamp	stamp	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	mire	mire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	tread	tread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	down	down	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past · do-support | I | enemies *= enemy* |  |  | then | small *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |
| 2 | **stamp** | past · do-support | I | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  | as the mire of the streets | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent they=Theme as mire=Attribute |
| 3 | **tread down** | past · do-support | I *not said here* | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם כַּעֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ כְּטִיט־חוּצ֥וֹת אֲדִקֵּ֖ם אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃

[2 Samuel 22:43: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.22.43/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:702` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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