--- title: 2 Samuel 23:1 (JPS 1917) — Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son o… · tree and pragmatics description: Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son of Jesse, and the saying of the man raised on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet singer of Israel: Who acts: these. 2 Samuel 23:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.711/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/) / [23:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.1/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 23:1 · JPS 1917 Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son of Jesse, and the saying of the man raised on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet singer of Israel: **Who acts:** these · **What happens:** be, raise, say · **To what, where:** last words, man, David · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 23:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:711 # text = Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son of Jesse, and the saying of the man raised on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet singer of Israel: 1 Now now ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 2 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 6 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 10 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 saying saying NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 appos _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 appos _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 Jesse Jesse PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 saying saying NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 25 raised raise VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 acl _ _ 26 on on ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 advmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 anointed anoint NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 appos _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 Jacob Jacob PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 sweet sweet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 singer singer NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 nmod _ _ 43 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | these | the last words | | | now | of David | tree rules | | 2 | **raise** | participle | | the man *not said here* | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **say** | | | David | | | | | nom saying «communication transitive»: of=patient | | 4 | **say** | | | the man | | | | | nom saying «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְאֵ֛לֶּה דִּבְרֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד הָאַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים נְאֻ֧ם דָּוִ֣ד בֶּן־יִשַׁ֗י וּנְאֻ֤ם הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙ הֻ֣קַם עָ֔ל מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּנְעִ֖ים זְמִר֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [2 Samuel 23:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:711` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 22:51 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.710/) - next →: [2 Samuel 23:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.712/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 23:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.1/)