---
title: 2 Samuel 23:3 (JPS 1917) — The God of Israel said, The Rock of Israel spoke to me: 'Ruler over… · tree and pragmatics
description: The God of Israel said, The Rock of Israel spoke to me: 'Ruler over men shall be the righteous, even he that ruleth in the fear of God, Who acts: God, Rock, Ruler. 2 Samuel 23:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 23:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The God of Israel said, The Rock of Israel spoke to me: 'Ruler over men shall be the righteous, even he that ruleth in the fear of God,

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** God, Rock, Ruler · **What happens:** say, speak, be, rule, fear · **To what, where:** me, righteous, fear, God · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 23:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God, Rock, Ruler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:713
# text = The God of Israel said, The Rock of Israel spoke to me: 'Ruler over men shall be the righteous, even he that ruleth in the fear of God,
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Rock	rock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	_
16	Ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	cop	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	righteous	righteous	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	even	even	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	appos	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	ruleth	rule	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the God of Israel |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the Rock of Israel |  | me |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to i=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | shall | Ruler over men | the righteous |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rule** | present |  |  |  | the fear of God |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **fear** |  |  | God |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אָמַר֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִ֥י דִבֶּ֖ר צ֣וּר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מוֹשֵׁל֙ בָּאָדָ֔ם צַדִּ֕יק מוֹשֵׁ֖ל יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃

[2 Samuel 23:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:713` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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