---
title: 2 Samuel 23:13 (JPS 1917) — And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the ha… · tree and pragmatics
description: And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim. Who acts: three. 2 Samuel 23:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 23:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

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**Who acts:** three · **What happens:** go down, come, encamp · **To what, where:** David, troop, valley

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 23:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (three), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:724
# text = And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	down	down	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	harvest	harvest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Adullam	Adullam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	troop	troop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
30	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	encamped	encamp	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Rephaim	Rephaim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go down** | past | three of the thirty chief |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **come** | past | three of the thirty chief *not said here* |  |  | David | time | unto the cave of Adullam | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to david=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **encamp** | past · passive |  | the troop of the Philistines |  | the valley of Rephaim |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּרְד֨וּ שְׁלֹשָׁ֜ה מֵהַשְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים רֹ֗אשׁ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ אֶל־קָצִיר֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד אֶל־מְעָרַ֖ת עֲדֻלָּ֑ם וְחַיַּ֣ת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים חֹנָ֖ה בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים׃

[2 Samuel 23:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:724` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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