---
title: 2 Samuel 23:14 (JPS 1917) — And David was then in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philis… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David was then in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Beth-lehem. Who acts: David, garrison. 2 Samuel 23:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 23:14 · JPS 1917

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And David was then in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Beth-lehem.

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**Who acts:** David, garrison · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** stronghold, Beth lehem

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This is 2 Samuel 23:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, garrison), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:725
# text = And David was then in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Beth-lehem.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stronghold	stronghold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	garrison	garrison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	_
20	lehem	lehem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | David |  |  | the stronghold and Beth lehem | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the garrison of the Philistines |  |  | Beth lehem | then |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְדָוִ֖ד אָ֣ז בַּמְּצוּדָ֑ה וּמַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אָ֖ז בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃

[2 Samuel 23:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:725` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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