---
title: 2 Samuel 23:16 (JPS 1917) — And the three mighty men broke through the host of the Philistines,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the three mighty men broke through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David; but he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD. Who acts: three mighty men, Beth lehem, David. 2 Samuel 23:16
---

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# 2 Samuel 23:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the three mighty men broke through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David; but he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** three mighty men, Beth lehem, David · **What happens:** break, draw, be, take, bring, not drink · **To what, where:** host, water, well, David

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 23:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (three mighty men, Beth lehem, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:727
# text = And the three mighty men broke through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David; but he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	well	well	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	_
24	lehem	lehem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	acl:relcl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
34	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	conj	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
42	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
43	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
44	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
45	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	46	advmod	_	_
46	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
47	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
49	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	poured	pour	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	conj	_	_
51	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	obj	_	_
52	out	out	ADP	RP	_	50	compound:prt	_	_
53	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	_
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | the three mighty men |  |  | the host of the Philistines |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through host=Location |
| 2 | **draw** | past | the three mighty men *not said here* | water |  | the well of Beth lehem |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent water=Theme out well=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **is** | past | Beth lehem |  |  |  |  | by the gate | tree rules |
| 4 | **take** | past | the three mighty men *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 5 | **bring** | past | the three mighty men *not said here* | water | David |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to david=Destination |
| 6 | **not** **drink** | would | David |  |  |  |  | thereof *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **pour out** | past | David *not said here* | water |  |  |  | unto the LORD | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּבְקְעוּ֩ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הַגִּבֹּרִ֜ים בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־מַ֙יִם֙ מִבֹּ֤אר בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשַּׁ֔עַר וַיִּשְׂא֖וּ וַיָּבִ֣אוּ אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֔ם וַיַּסֵּ֥ךְ אֹתָ֖ם לַֽיהוָֽה׃

[2 Samuel 23:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:727` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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