---
title: 2 Samuel 23:18 (JPS 1917) — And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the three. Who acts: Abishai. 2 Samuel 23:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 23:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the three.

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**Who acts:** Abishai · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** chief

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This is 2 Samuel 23:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abishai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:730
# text = And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the three.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
2	Abishai	Abishai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Zeruiah	Zeruiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nmod	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Abishai | chief |  |  |  | of the three | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַאֲבִישַׁ֞י אֲחִ֣י ׀ יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה ה֚וּא רֹ֣אשׁ הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה׃

[2 Samuel 23:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.18/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the three.**
2. [And he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.731/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:730` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [2 Samuel 23:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.729/)
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- ↑ back to [2 Samuel 23:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.18/)