---
title: 2 Samuel 23:18 (JPS 1917) — And he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three. Who acts: Abishai. 2 Samuel 23:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 23:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Abishai · **What happens:** lift up, slay, have · **To what, where:** spear, three hundred, things, name

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This is 2 Samuel 23:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abishai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:731
# text = And he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	among	among	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | past | Abishai | Abishai's spear |  | three hundred |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent spear=Theme against hundred=Destination |
| 2 | **slay** | past | Abishai *not said here* | things *= thing* |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | past | Abishai *not said here* | a name |  |  |  | among the three | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַאֲבִישַׁ֞י אֲחִ֣י ׀ יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה ה֚וּא רֹ֣אשׁ הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה׃

[2 Samuel 23:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.18/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the three.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.730/)
2. **And he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:731` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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