--- title: 2 Samuel 3:18 (JPS 1917) — now then do it; for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying: By the ha… · tree and pragmatics description: now then do it; for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying: By the hand of My servant David I will save My people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.' Who acts: you, LORD, I. 2 Samuel 3:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.88/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/3/) / [3:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.18/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 3:18 · JPS 1917 now then do it; for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying: By the hand of My servant David I will save My people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.' **Who acts:** you, LORD, I · **What happens:** do, speak, say, save · **To what, where:** communication, people, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 3:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, LORD, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:88 # text = now then do it; for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying: By the hand of My servant David I will save My people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.' 1 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 3 do do VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ _ 5 ; ; PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 6 for for SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 9 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 spoken speak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 advcl _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 16 By by ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 My my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 servant servant NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 22 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 appos _ _ 23 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 save save VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 ccomp _ _ 26 My my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 28 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 appos _ _ 29 out out ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 Philistines Philistines PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 32 nmod _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 38 out out ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 39 of of ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 conj _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 43 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 45 det:predet _ _ 44 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 45 enemies enemy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nmod _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 47 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* | communication | | | now; then | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect | the LORD | | | | | of David | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the LORD *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **save** | future | I | My people | | the hand of the Philistines and the hand of Israel's enemies | | by the hand of My servant | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְעַתָּ֖ה עֲשׂ֑וּ כִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אָמַ֤ר אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בְּיַ֣ד ׀ דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֗י הוֹשִׁ֜יעַ אֶת־עַמִּ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִיַּ֣ד פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּמִיַּ֖ד כָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ [2 Samuel 3:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:88` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 3:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.87/) - next →: [2 Samuel 3:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.89/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 3:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.18/)