---
title: 2 Samuel 3:23 (JPS 1917) — When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Jo… · tree and pragmatics
description: When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying: 'Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace.' Who acts: that, host, Israel, Abner. 2 Samuel 3:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.94/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/3/) / [3:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.23/) / JPS 1

# 2 Samuel 3:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying: 'Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** that, host, Israel, Abner · **What happens:** host, be, come, tell, say, send away · **To what, where:** Joab, peace · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 3:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, host, Israel, Abner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:94
# text = When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying: 'Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace.'
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	12	mark	_	_
2	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	iobj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	_
21	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Ner	Ner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
33	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	conj	_	_
35	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	away	away	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
39	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
40	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	cop	_	_
41	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
45	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **host** |  | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | all host *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Joab | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | past · passive |  | Joab and all host |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Israel |  | Joab |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent joab=Recipient |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Israel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **come** | past | Abner |  |  |  |  | to the king | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to king=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **send away** | present · perfect | Abner | Joab |  |  |  | away *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 8 | **is** | present | Abner |  |  | peace |  | gone *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְיוֹאָ֛ב וְכָל־הַצָּבָ֥א אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֖וֹ בָּ֑אוּ וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לְיוֹאָב֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּֽא־אַבְנֵ֤ר בֶּן־נֵר֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֖הוּ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃

[2 Samuel 3:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.23/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:94` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [2 Samuel 3:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.93/)
- next →: [2 Samuel 3:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.95/)
- ↑ back to [2 Samuel 3:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.23/)