---
title: Amos 1:1 (JPS 1917) — THE WORDS of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw… · tree and pragmatics
description: THE WORDS of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake. Who acts: Amos, Tekoa. Amos 1:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Amos 1:1 · JPS 1917

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THE WORDS of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake.

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**Who acts:** Amos, Tekoa · **What happens:** be, see, word · **To what, where:** WORDS, Amos

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This is Amos 1:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Amos, Tekoa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:AMO:0
# text = THE WORDS of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake.
1	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	WORDS	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Amos	Amos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	among	among	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	herdmen	herdman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Tekoa	Tekoa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
17	concerning	concerning	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	Uzziah	Uzziah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Jeroboam	Jeroboam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	appos	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	Joash	Joash	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
43	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
44	before	before	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Amos |  |  |  |  | among the herdmen; of Tekoa | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | Tekoa | the WORDS of Amos and the days of Jeroboam |  |  | day; year | concerning Israel | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
| 3 | **word** |  |  | Amos |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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דִּבְרֵ֣י עָמ֔וֹס אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה בַנֹּקְדִ֖ים מִתְּק֑וֹעַ אֲשֶׁר֩ חָזָ֨ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בִּימֵ֣י ׀ עֻזִיָּ֣המֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֗ה וּבִימֵ֞י יָרָבְעָ֤ם בֶּן־יוֹאָשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁנָתַ֖יִם לִפְנֵ֥י הָרָֽעַשׁ׃

[Amos 1:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.1.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:0` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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