--- title: Amos 1:11 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Edom, yea, for four… · tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Edom, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever. Who acts: LORD, I, anger, Edom. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I, anger, Edom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:AMO:10 # text = Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Edom, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever. 1 Thus thus ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 6 For for ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 8 transgressions transgression NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 Edom Edom PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 yea yea INTJ UH _ 20 discourse _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 for for ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 20 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 17 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 18 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 20 advmod _ _ 20 reverse reverse VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ _ 22 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 23 because because SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 24 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 25 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 pursue pursue VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 advcl _ _ 27 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 brother brother NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 cast cast VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 conj _ _ 36 off off ADP RP _ 35 compound:prt _ _ 37 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 38 det _ _ 38 pity pity NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 41 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ _ 42 anger anger NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nsubj _ _ 43 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 tear tear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 conj _ _ 45 perpetually perpetually ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 48 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 nsubj _ _ 49 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 conj _ _ 50 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 51 nmod:poss _ _ 51 wrath wrath NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 obj _ _ 52 for for ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 49 obl _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD | | | | | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **not** **reverse** | future | I | fire | | | | for three transgressions of Edom; for four | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 3 | **pursue** | past · do-support | LORD | LORD's brother | | | | with the sword | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Theme | | 4 | **cast off** | past · do-support | LORD *not said here* | all pity | | | | | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pity=Product | | 5 | **tear** | past · do-support | LORD's anger | | | | | perpetually *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **keep** | past | LORD | LORD's wrath | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrath=Theme | | 7 | **transgress** | | Edom | | | | | | nom transgression «act intransitive»: of=agent | | 8 | **anger** | | LORD | | | | | | nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־רָדְפ֨וֹ בַחֶ֤רֶב אָחִיו֙ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת רַחֲמָ֔יו וַיִּטְרֹ֤ף לָעַד֙ אַפּ֔וֹ וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ שְׁמָ֥רָה נֶֽצַח׃ [Amos 1:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.1.11/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:10` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Amos 1:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.9/) - next →: [Amos 1:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.11/) - ↑ back to [Amos 1:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.1.11/)