---
title: Amos 1:13 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of the children of Amm… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border. Who acts: LORD, I, transgressions, children. Amos 1:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree 
---

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# Amos 1:13 · JPS 1917

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Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border.

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**Who acts:** LORD, I, transgressions, children · **What happens:** say, not reverse, rip up, enlarge, transgress · **To what, where:** fire, women, border · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Amos 1:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I, transgressions, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:AMO:12
# text = Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	For	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	transgressions	transgression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Ammon	Ammon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	23	discourse	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
21	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	reverse	reverse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	ripped	rip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
30	up	up	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
39	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
40	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	enlarge	enlarge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	_
42	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **reverse** | future | I | fire |  |  |  | for three transgressions of the children of Ammon; for four | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **rip up** | present · perfect | transgressions *= transgression* | the women |  |  |  | with child of Gilead | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent woman=Patient with child=Instrument |
| 4 | **enlarge** | might | transgressions *= transgression* | transgressions's border |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent border=Patient |
| 5 | **transgress** |  | the children of Ammon |  |  |  |  |  | nom transgression «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֔וֹן וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־בִּקְעָם֙ הָר֣וֹת הַגִּלְעָ֔ד לְמַ֖עַן הַרְחִ֥יב אֶת־גְּבוּלָֽם׃

[Amos 1:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.1.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:12` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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