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title: Amos 8:10 (JPS 1917) — And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into l… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning for an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day. Who acts: I, your. Amos 8:10 in JPS 1917 with its depen
---

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# Amos 8:10 · JPS 1917

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And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning for an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day.

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**Who acts:** I, your · **What happens:** turn, bring up, make, sing · **To what, where:** feasts, mourning, sackcloth, land, lamentation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Amos 8:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:AMO:137
# text = And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning for an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	feasts	feast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	13	det:predet	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	lamentation	lamentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
21	up	up	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
22	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	25	det	_	_
25	loins	loin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	baldness	baldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
29	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	31	det	_	_
31	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
35	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
36	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	_
38	as	as	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
41	for	for	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
43	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
49	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
50	as	as	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
51	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	_
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | future | I | your feasts and your songs into lamentation |  | mourning |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent feast=Theme into mourning=Trajectory |
| 2 | **bring up** | future | I | sackcloth and baldness upon every head |  |  |  | upon all loins | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sackcloth=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | future | I | land |  |  |  | as the mourning for a only son and the end as a bitter day | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
| 4 | **sing** |  | your |  |  | lamentation |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent into=place |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י חַגֵּיכֶ֜ם לְאֵ֗בֶל וְכָל־שִֽׁירֵיכֶם֙ לְקִינָ֔ה וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֤י עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ שָׂ֔ק וְעַל־כָּל־רֹ֖אשׁ קָרְחָ֑ה וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ כְּאֵ֣בֶל יָחִ֔יד וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖הּ כְּי֥וֹם מָֽר׃

[Amos 8:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:137` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Amos 8:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.136/)
- next →: [Amos 8:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.138/)
- ↑ back to [Amos 8:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.10/)