---
title: Amos 2:1 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Moab, yea, for four… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Moab, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime. Who acts: LORD, I, Moab. Amos 2:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Amos 2:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Moab, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** LORD, I, Moab · **What happens:** say, not reverse, burn, transgress · **To what, where:** it, bones, lime · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Amos 2:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I, Moab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:AMO:15
# text = Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Moab, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	For	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	transgressions	transgression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	20	discourse	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	reverse	reverse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	burned	burn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	into	into	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	lime	lime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **reverse** | future | I | it |  |  |  | for three transgressions of Moab; for four | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **burn** | past | LORD | the bones of the king of Edom |  | lime |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bone=Theme |
| 4 | **transgress** |  | Moab |  |  |  |  |  | nom transgression «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־שָׂרְפ֛וֹ עַצְמ֥וֹת מֶֽלֶךְ־אֱד֖וֹם לַשִּֽׂיד׃

[Amos 2:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.2.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:15` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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