---
title: Amos 9:13 (JPS 1917) — Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the plowman shall overta… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt. Who acts: days, LORD, plowman, mountains. Amos 9:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Amos 9:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt.

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**Who acts:** days, LORD, plowman, mountains, hills · **What happens:** come, say, overtake, sow, drop, melt · **To what, where:** reaper, seed, sweet wine · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Amos 9:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (days, LORD, plowman, mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:AMO:155
# text = Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	plowman	plowman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	overtake	overtake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	reaper	reaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	treader	treader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	grapes	grape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	conj	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	soweth	sow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
32	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	drop	drop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
34	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
38	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	40	det:predet	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj	_	_
41	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	melt	melt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	conj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the days |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **overtake** | shall | the plowman | the reaper and the treader of grapes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **sow** | present |  | seed |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent seed=Theme |
| 5 | **drop** | shall | the mountains | sweet wine |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wine=Theme |
| 6 | **melt** | shall | all hills |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִנֵּ֨ה יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְנִגַּ֤שׁ חוֹרֵשׁ֙ בַּקֹּצֵ֔ר וְדֹרֵ֥ךְ עֲנָבִ֖ים בְּמֹשֵׁ֣ךְ הַזָּ֑רַע וְהִטִּ֤יפוּ הֶֽהָרִים֙ עָסִ֔יס וְכָל־הַגְּבָע֖וֹת תִּתְמוֹגַֽגְנָה׃

[Amos 9:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.9.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:155` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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