---
title: Amos 1:3 (JPS 1917) — For thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Damascus, yea,… · tree and pragmatics
description: For thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Damascus, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have threshed Gilead with sledges of iron. Who acts: LORD, I, pastures, Damascus. Amos 1:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Amos 1:3 · JPS 1917

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For thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Damascus, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have threshed Gilead with sledges of iron.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** LORD, I, pastures, Damascus · **What happens:** say, not reverse, thresh, transgress · **To what, where:** voice, Gilead · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Amos 1:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I, pastures, Damascus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:AMO:2
# text = For thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Damascus, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have threshed Gilead with sledges of iron.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	For	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	transgressions	transgression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Damascus	Damascus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	21	discourse	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	reverse	reverse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	threshed	thresh	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
28	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	sledges	sledge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **reverse** | future | I | voice |  |  |  | for three transgressions of Damascus; for four | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **thresh** | present · perfect | pastures *= pasture* | Gilead |  |  |  | with sledges of iron | tree rules |
| 4 | **transgress** |  | Damascus |  |  |  |  |  | nom transgression «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י דַמֶּ֔שֶׂק וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־דּוּשָׁ֛ם בַּחֲרֻצ֥וֹת הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל אֶת־הַגִּלְעָֽד׃

[Amos 1:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.1.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:2` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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