---
title: Amos 3:2 (JPS 1917) — You only have I known of all the families of the earth; therefore I… · tree and pragmatics
description: You only have I known of all the families of the earth; therefore I will visit upon you all your iniquities. Who acts: I. Amos 3:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Amos 3:2 · JPS 1917

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You only have I known of all the families of the earth; therefore I will visit upon you all your iniquities.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** know, visit · **To what, where:** You, iniquities

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This is Amos 3:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:AMO:33
# text = You only have I known of all the families of the earth; therefore I will visit upon you all your iniquities.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	visit	visit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
18	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
20	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	22	det:predet	_	_
21	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	iniquities	iniquity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none, act=warn

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · perfect | I | You |  |  |  | of all families of the earth | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |
| 2 | **visit** | future | I | your iniquities |  |  |  | upon you; therefore *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iniquity=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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רַ֚ק אֶתְכֶ֣ם יָדַ֔עְתִּי מִכֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הָאֲדָמָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֙ אֶפְקֹ֣ד עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת כָּל־עֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃

[Amos 3:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.3.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:33` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Amos 3:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.32/)
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